Document Type : Review Article
10.22034/HBB.2020.14
Abstract
Herbal medicine is one of the oldest human approaches to treating diseases and yarrow (Achillea wilhelmsii) one of the most famous medicinal plants. Yarrow essential oil has anti-inflammatory, anti-spasm, anti-scalp, hair growth stimulation and topical skin healing due to chamazulene, cineole and borneol. Staphylococcus aureus (S.aureus) and Escherichia coli (E.coli) are the most important bacteria causing nosocomial infections with multiple antibiotic resistances. Also, S.aureus strain is more sensitive than E.coli to extract of yarrow. Alpha-pinene, phenolic compounds and flavonoids are major constituents of yarrow. This review shows how methanol extract of yarrow prevented the growth of Gram-positive bacteria such as S.aureus and E.coli. So these extracts can be substituted for chemical drugs.
Keywords
[1]. Jafari-Sales A, Jafari B, Sayyahi J, Zohoori-Bonab T. Evaluation of antibacterial activity of ethanolic extract of malva neglecta and althaea officinalis on antibiotic-resistant strains of staphylococcus aureus. J Biol Today World. 2015; 4(2):58-62.
[2]. Jafari-Sales A, Shahniani A, Fathi R, Malekzadeh P, Mobaiyen H, Bonab FR. Evaluation of antibacterial activity of essential oil of ziziphora clinopodioides and achillea wilhelmsii on antibiotic-resistant strains of staphylococcus aureus. IMMINV. 2017; 2(2): 49-56.
[3]. Sales AJ, Shadbad NN, Kaleybar VP. The investigation of the antibacterial effects of ethanol extract of cichorium intybus L. on antibiotic-resistant staphylococcus aureus strains. Bull Env Pharmacol Life Sci. 2015; 4: 161-64.
[4]. Mobaiyen H, Jafari Sales A, Sayyahi J. Evaluating antimicrobial effects of centaurea plant’s essential oil on pathogenic bacteria: staphylococcus aureus, staphylococcus epidermidis, and escherichia coli isolated from clinical specimens. J. Fasa Univ. Med. Sci. 2016; 5(4): 479-87.
[5]. Jafari-Sales A, Bolouri P. Evaluation of the antimicrobial effects of Glycyrrhiza glabra l. on some gram positive and gram negative pathogenic bacteria in laboratory conditions. Jorjani Biomed J, 2018, 6: 78.
[6]. Jafari Sales A., Malekzadeh P., Ebrahimzadeh M., Babayi Kondlaji K., Purabdollah Kaleybar V., Shadi Dizaji A. Evaluation of the anti - bacterial effects of ethanolic extract of yarrow (Achillea wilhelmsii ) on antibiotic - resistant strains of Staphylococcus aureus. J Sci Today's World, 2015, 4: 189.
[7]. Weinstein RA. Controlling antimicrobial resistance in hospitals: Infection control and use of antibiotics. Emerg Infect Dis 2001; 7: 188-92.
[8]. Sales AJ, Bagherizadeh Y, Malekzadeh P. Evaluation of the Antimicrobial Effects of Essential Oil of Reseda Lutea L. on Pathogenic Bacteria: Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis, and Escherichia coli. Arch Clin Microbiol. 2017; 8(3): 1-5.
[9]. Jafari-Sales A, Hossein-Nezhad P. Antimicrobial effects of Rosmarinus officinalis methanolic extract on staphylococcus aureus, bacillus cereus, escherichia coli and pseudomonas aeruginosa in laboratory conditions. J Med Chem Sci. 2019 2: 103-8.
[10]. Jafari-Sales A, Rasi-Bonab F, Sayyahi J. The survey on antimicrobial effects of methanolic extract of carum copticum L. on staphylococcus Aureus, Bacillus Cereus, Escherichia Coli and Pseudomonas Aeruginosa in Laboratory Conditions. Paramed Sci Military Health. 2019; 13(4): 19-25.
[11]. Jafari-sales A, Shadi-Dizaji A. Evaluation of inhibitory effect of methanol extract of allium sativum in vitro on Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli. Scientific SJNMP. 2019; 5(1): 61-68.
[12]. Jafari-Sales A, Hossein-Nezhad P, Bolouri P. Identification of chemical composition of essential oil and evaluation of antimicrobial effects of ethanolic extract of Mentha pulegium on Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli. Health Biotechnology and Biopharma, 2019, 3: 29.
[13]. Chevallier A. The encyclopedia of medicinal plants. London: Dorling Kindersley; 1996. London: Dorling Kindersley.
[14]. Perry LM, Metzger J. Medicinal plants of Southeast Asia. Cambridge: Mit Press., 1980.
[15]. Sales AJ. Evaluation of antibacterial activity of ethanol extract of Lavandula Stoechas L. plant on antibiotic-resistant strains Of Staphylococcus Aureus. J. Curr. Res. Sci. 2014; 2(6): 641.
[16]. Sökmen A, Sökmen M, Daferera D, Polissiou M, Candan F, Ünlü M, Akpulat HA. The in vitro antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of the essential oil and methanol extracts of Achillea biebersteini Afan. (Asteraceae). Phytotherapy Res Phytother Res., 2004; 18(6): 451-56.
[17]. Cox SD, Mann CM, Markham JL, Bell HC, Gustafson JE, Warmington JR, Wyllie SG. The mode of antimicrobial action of the essential oil of Melaleuca alternifolia (tea tree oil). J Appl Microbiol. 2000; 88(1): 170-75.
[18]. Caccioni DR, Guizzardi M, Biondi DM, Renda A, Ruberto G. Relationship between volatile components of citrus fruit essential oils and antimicrobial action on Penicillium digitatum and Penicillium italicum. Inter J Food Microbial. 1998; 43(1-2): 73-79.
[19]. Brul S, Coote P. Preservative agents in foods: mode of action and microbial resistance mechanisms. Inter J Food Microbiol. 1999; 50(1-2): 1-7.
[20]. Kraft K, Hobbs C, Pocket guide to herbal medicine, 1th ed, ,New york, Thieme Stuttgart, 2004: 61-62.
[21]. Azadbakht M, Morteza-Semnani K, Khansari N. The essential oils composition of Achillea wilhelmsii C. Koch leaves and flowers. J Med Plan. 2003; 2(6): 55-58.
[22]. Duraipandiyan V, Ayyanar M, Ignacimuthu S. Antimicrobial activity of some ethnomedicinal plants used by Paliyar tribe from Tamil Nadu, India. BMC Complement Alter Med. 2006; 6(1): 35.
[23]. Ojo OO, Ajayi AO, Anibijuwon II. Antibacterial potency of methanol extracts of lower plants. J Zhejiang Univ Sci B. 2007; 8(3): 189-91.
[24]. Olaleye MT. Cytotoxicity and antibacterial activity of methanolic extract of Hibiscus sabdariffa. J Med Plan Res. 2007; 1(1): 9-13.
[25]. Stojanović G, Radulović N, Hashimoto T, Palić R. In vitro antimicrobial activity of extracts of four Achillea species: The composition of Achillea clavennae L. (Asteraceae) extract. J Etnopharmacol. 2005; 101(1-3): 185-90.
[26]. Mothana RA, Lindequist U, Gruenert R, Bednarski PJ. Studies of the in vitro anticancer, antimicrobial and antioxidant potentials of selected Yemeni medicinal plants from the island Soqotra. BMC Complement Altern Med. 2009; 9(1): 7.
[27]. Yaghoubi MJ, Gh G, Satari R. Antimicrobial activity of Iranian propolis and its chemical composition. DARU J Pharm Sci. 2007; 15(1): 45-48.
[28]. Ghaderi S, Falahati hosein abad A, Sarailoo M H, Ghanbari V. Investigation of the components and antibacterial effects of three plant's essential oil coriandrum sativum, achilleh millefolium, anethum graveolens in vitro. J Shahrekord Univ Med Sci. 2012; 14 (5): 74-82.
[29]. Lori-Gooini Z, Rabiei Z, Farhadi B, Bijad E, Azomon E, Rafieian-Kopaei M. Investigation of chemical compounds and effects of Achilea wilhelmsii L essential oil on antioxidant and malondialdehyde levels of serum and brains of reserpined mice. Ir J Physiol Pharmacol. 2018; 2 (3): 176-66.
[30]. Arora DS, Kaur J. Antimicrobial activity of spices. Int J Antimicrob Agent, 1999; 12(3): 257-62.
[31]. Chalabian F, Norouzi Arasi H, Moosavi S. A study of growth inhibitory effect of essential oils of seven species from different families on some kinds of microbes. JMP. 2003; 3(7): 37-42.
[32]. Mohammadi-Sichani M, Amjad L, Mohammadi-Kamalabadi M. Antibacterial activity of methanol extract and essential oil of Achillea wilhelmsii against pathogenic bacteria. Zahedan J Res Med Sci, 2011; 13(3): 9-14.
[33]. Ghaderi S, Falahati-HosseinAbad A, Sarailoo MH, Ghanbari V. Investigation of the components and antibacterial effects of three plant's essential oil coriandrum sativum, achillea millefolium, anethum graveolens in vitro. JSKUMS. 2012; 14(5): 74-82.
[34]. Aljančić I, Vajs V, Menković N, Karadžić I, Juranić N, Milosavljević S, Macura S. Flavones and sesquiterpene lactones from achillea a trata subsp. m ultifida: antimicrobial Activity. J Natur Products. 1999; 62(6): 909-11.
[35]. Kermanshah H, Hashemi-Kamangar S, Arami S, Mirsalehian A, Kamalinejad M, Karimi M et al. Antibacterial activity of hydroalcoholic extract of Salvia officinalis and Achillea millefolium against cariogenic microorganisms: An in vitro investigation. J Islamic Dent Ass. 2009; 21 (3): 215-20.
[36]. Ahmadi Z, Sattari M, Tabaraee B, Bigdeli M. Identification of the constituents of achillea santolina essential oil and evaluation of the anti-microbial effects of its extract and essential oil. J Arak Uni Med Sci. 2011; 14(56): 1-10.
[37]. Amjad L, Mohammadi-kamalabadi M, Mohammadi-sichani M. Studing of antibacterial activity of flower and leaf methanol extract of Achillea wilhelmsii C. Koch. J Qom Univer Med Sci. 2011; 5(3):50-57.
[38]. Başer KH, Demirci B, Demirci F, Koçak S, Akıncı Ç, Malyer H, Güleryüz G. Composition and antimicrobial activity of the essential oil of achillea multifida. Planta medica. 2002; 68(10): 941-43.
[39]. Sales, A. J., Malekzadeh, P., Ebrahimzadeh, M., Kondlaji, K. B., Kaleybar, V. P., & Dizaji, A. S. Evaluation of the anti-bacterial effects of ethanolic extract of yarrow (Achillea wilhelmsii) on antibiotic-resistant strains of Staphylococcus aureus. 2015.
[40]. Shade, Courtney N., Kisun Peters-Diaz, and Sarah E. Ruffell. Mullein and red clover extracts are effective antibacterial agents against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and four skin and soft tissue infection (SSTI)-associated bacteria. Bios. 2020; 91.1; 42-47.
[41]. Arsić, Ivana A., et al. Optimization of extraction of antioxidant components from Yarrow herb. Hemijska industrija. 2014; 68.4: 511-17.
[42]. Mekinić, Ivana Generalić, et al. Phenolic acids profile, antioxidant and antibacterial activity of chamomile, common yarrow and immortelle (Asteraceae). Nat product communications, 2014; 12.
[43]. Dias, Maria Inês, et al. Chemical composition of wild and commercial Achillea millefolium L. and bioactivity of the methanolic extract, infusion and decoction. Food Chem, 2013; 141.4: 4152-60.
[44]. Nascimento, Gislene GF, et al. Antibacterial activity of plant extracts and phytochemicals on antibiotic-resistant bacteria. Brazilian J Microbiol, 2000; 31.4: 247-56.
[45]. Nemeth, E., and J. Bernath. Biological activities of yarrow species (Achillea spp.). Current Pharm Design, 2008; 14.29: 3151-67.
[46]. Daniel, Paulo Sergio, et al. Composition and antimicrobial activity of essential oil of yarrow (Achillea millefolium L.) Australian J Crop Sci, 2020; 14.3: 545.
[47]. Issabeagloo, Eilyad, and Babak Abri. Antimicrobial effects of yarrow (Achillea millefolium) essential oils against Staphylococcus species. African J Pharm Pharmacol, 2012; 6.41: 2895-99.
[48]. Rakmai, Jaruporn, et al. Encapsulation of yarrow essential oil in hydroxypropyl-beta-cyclodextrin: physiochemical characterization and evaluation of bio-efficacies. CyTA-J Food, 2017; 15.3: 409-17.
[49]. Othman, Leen, Ahmad Sleiman, and Roula M. Abdel-Massih. Antimicrobial activity of polyphenols and alkaloids in Middle Eastern plants. Frontiers in Microbiol, 2019; 10: 911.
[50]. Verma, Ram S., et al. Chemical composition and allelopathic, antibacterial, antifungal and in vitro acetylcholinesterase inhibitory activities of yarrow (Achillea millefolium L.) native to India. Industrial Crops Products, 2017; 104: 144-55.
[51]. Jadhav, Snehal, et al. Inhibitory activity of yarrow essential oil on Listeria planktonic cells and biofilms. Food Control, 2013; 29.1: 125-30.
[52]. Erjaee, Z., Shekarforoush SS, Hosseinzadeh S. Biochemical and antimicrobial properties of bacterial endophytes isolated from yarrow (Achillea millefolium) and tragacanth (Astragalus gossypinus) in Fars Geographical Regions. 2019: 41-53.
[53]. Vladić, Jelena, et al. Valorization of yarrow (Achillea millefolium L.) by-product through application of subcritical water extraction. Molecules, 2020; 25.8: 1878.
', './data/hbb/coversheet/cover_en.jpg'))